Fahr syndrome: linking late onset depression and cognitive decline

Fahr syndrome, a rare neurological disorder characterized by bilateral calcifications of the basal ganglia and other brain regions, has been associated with various neuropsychiatric symptoms. This case report highlights the correlation between late-onset depression and cognitive decline in a patient diagnosed with Fahr syndrome. A 45-year-old female patient presented with progressive cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms over a period of 2 years. Neuroimaging revealed extensive calcifications in the basal ganglia and frontal lobes consistent with Fahr syndrome. Neuropsychological assessment confirmed significant deficits in memory, attention, and executive function. Pharmacological intervention for depression resulted in partial improvement in mood but limited effect on cognitive symptoms. This case underscores the importance of recognizing Fahr syndrome as a potential etiology for late-onset depression and cognitive decline, necessitating comprehensive neurological evaluation and management.