Evaluation of thenephroprotective potential of Trapa natans L, silver nanoparticles on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Background and Objective: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a significant global health issue, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin function. It often leads to severe complications such as nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic and nephroprotective effects of Trapa natans L. extract and its silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Method: Forty-two male albino Wistar rats were divided into seven groups: normal control, diabetic control, Glibenclamide-treated, and groups treated with different doses of T. natans extract and its AgNPs. Evaluation included fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles, liver enzyme activities (ALT, AST), and histopathological analysis of kidney and pancreas tissues. Results: The higher dose of T. natans AgNPs demonstrated significant anti-diabetic and nephroprotective effects, reducing fasting blood glucose levels, improving lipid profiles, and normalizing liver enzyme activities compared to the diabetic control. Histopathological assessments revealed improved pancreatic and kidney structure, indicating tissue protection against diabetes-induced damage. Conclusion: Trapa natans L. extract and its AgNPs exhibited potent anti-diabetic and nephroprotective properties, highlighting their potential as promising candidates for managing diabetes and its complications.