1QIsaa, OG, and MT Isaiah 63:3

Abstract The substantial textual variation among three major witnesses to Isa 63:3 (1QIsaa, OG, and MT) has received relatively little attention in the commentary literature and in the scholarly journals and monographs. These witnesses attest to a short text (1QIsaa), a long text (OG), and an even longer text (MT). The present article proposes that the OG Vorlage is an expansion of a pre-1QIsaa text, while the MT is an expansion of 1QIsaa.