YOLO-Based Design and Optimization of Weld Seam Detection Model

Abstract The traditional welding seam inspection efficiency is low, the model possesses a significant amount of computational parameters, and it is not suitable for the application of small and medium-sized welding seam recognition machines. In view of the wide application and remarkable effect of deep learning in the domain of machine vision, a welding seam defect detection model designed by G-Efficientnet-CA neural network was proposed and optimized. EfficientNet was employed as the core architecture for extracting features to greatly reduce calculation parameters and model volume. The CA attention mechanism is incorporated to enhance the model’s capacity for focusing attention on the weld image, thereby improving its ability to discern and analyze relevant features, and the accuracy is improved. The Generalized Intersection over Union (GIoU) loss function is changed from the original loss function to optimize the calculation of the coincidence degree between the real frame and the predicted frame. The efficient K-Means++ clustering algorithm is utilized to calculate the initial anchor frame which is more suitable for different weld data sets. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that the optimized model, when compared to the YOLOv3 model, exhibits superior effectiveness in detecting the VOC2007 dataset, as evidenced by a notable 12.7% increase in the average precision (mAP) and a significant reduction of 88% in the number of parameters.