[Surface display and application of cadmium-binding protein CADR on the cell wall of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>].

Algae has been proven to have the potential to be efficient biosorbents in the detection and remediation of heavy metal pollution such as cadmium in the environment. This study aims to enhance the cadmium adsorption capacity of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> by expressing the cadmium-binding protein CADR on the cell wall by the surface display technology. Firstly, the golden gate technique was employed to construct the transformation vector PET-X-<i>CADR</i>, which anchored CADR to the cell wall with the cell wall protein GP1. The high-throughput screening with the fluorescence signal of the fusion tag YFP resulted in three engineered algal strains with high expression of CADR on the cell wall. Physiological experiments demonstrated that the CADR displayed on the cell wall did not affect the growth of the engineered algal strains exposed to cadmium with the concentration below 200 μmol/L. In the presence of 200 μmol/L cadmium, the growth rates of CADR-engineered algal strains were three times as that of the wild-type, indicating stronger tolerance of the CADR-engineered algae to cadmium. The protein lyase GLE released during the mating of <i>Chlamydomonas</i> was used to isolate the cell walls of wild-type and engineered strains, the cadmium content of which was compared. The results showed that the cell wall of the engineered strain exhibited an increase of 33% in cadmium adsorption capacity. This study gives insights into the application of algae in the management of cadmium pollution in the environment, especially in the recycling of heavy metals from the environment.