Proportion and associated sociodemographic characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus among antenatal women

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Undiagnosed or inadequately treated GDM can lead to significant maternal and foetal complications. Identification of GDM and understanding the contributing factors of GDM in pregnant women are crucial to ensure better health outcomes for both mother and baby. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used, involving 200 antenatal women attending antenatal OPD at Ramaiah Medical college and hospital in Bangalore. Antenatal women were first screened for GDM by using a structured screening tool then the sociodemographic, lifestyle and obstetric profile tool was administered to the study participants, to assess the contributing factors of GDM among antenatal women. Results: Out of 200 antenatal women screened for GDM, the proportion of gestational diabetes mellitus was found to be 38 (19%); and there was a significant association between GDM and age, body mass index (BMI) at first visit, residence, religion, educational status, occupational status, frequency of foods/snacks eaten outside, level of physical activity, perceived stress level, number of pregnancy, number of deliveries, history of GDM in previous pregnancy, medical/obstetrical conditions complicating pregnancy. Conclusions: Immediate and long-term clinical effects of GDM are important contributors to the burden of non-communicable diseases in India. Understanding these associated factors is crucial for researchers as it can be helpful to identify the risk populations, Additionally, these insights can guide healthcare providers in delivering personalised care and improving maternal and foetal outcomes.