The impact of Serum Amylin on Body mass index in Children with type1 Diabetes Mellitus newly diagnosis

Background: Pancreatic β cells' inability to synthesize insulin is the defining feature of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), an endocrine illness. This action involves the peptide hormone amylin, which is co-secreted with insulin and plays a key role in controlling glucose homeostasis and appetite. It also influences body weight, calorie intake, stomach emptying, glucagon release suppression, and satiety. Subjects, Material, and Method: This study included 120 pediatric individuals aged between( 2-14) years. They were divided into four groups. Group one contains 40 lean patients with T1DM, with a BMI≥85 percentile, and group two contains 40 underweight patients with (T1DM) with a BMI≥5 percentile. The Group contains 40 healthy pediatrics and ages matched with the patients subdivided into (group three, lean control with a BMI less than 85 percentile. The group numbered 22, and four groups, underweight control with BMI≥5 percentile, consisted of 18 pediatric underweight healthy as controls. They were analyzed for fasting serum glucose, amylin, and HbA1c. Results: The levels of Amylin in the control group(lean and underweight) were higher than in the patients with diabetes mellitus(lean and underweight). Also, fast blood glucose( FBG) was found in the Lean DM group. Similarly, the Underweight DM group was higher than those observed in the Lean Control and Underweight Control groups. For HbA1c%, the Lean DM group. The Underweight DM group exhibited a higher mean HbA1c%. In contrast, the Lean Control and Underweight Control groups had significantly lower mean HbA1c% values. Conclusion: The control group had higher Amylin levels, a potential biomarker for metabolic status in children with T1DM, and could inform therapeutic strategies to optimize glycemic control and body weight management. In comparison, the patient group had higher FBG values. The Lean DM group had higher HbA1c% values, while the Underweight DM group had slightly higher values. Both control groups had significantly lower HbA1c% values.