Mature Ovarian Teratoma and Gliomatosis Peritonei: an Uncommon Case Report

Gliomatosis peritonei (GP) is a rare condition characterized by benign glial implants in the peritoneum, omentum, and lymph nodes, typically associated with immature ovarian teratomas and less frequently with mature teratomas. We present a case of a 21-year-old woman with severe abdominal pain and a large abdominal mass. Imaging revealed a large multilocular cystic mass suggestive of a dermoid cyst with torsion. During exploratory laparotomy, a large cystic mass with hair, teeth, and sebaceous material was found in the left ovary, alongside multiple nodules in the omentum. A left salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, and peritoneal biopsies were performed. Histopathology confirmed a mature teratoma with GP. The patient's postoperative period was uneventful, and no adjuvant therapy was required. This case underscores the importance of recognizing GP in patients with ovarian teratomas, highlighting the typically benign nature and favorable prognosis of GP with proper surgical management.