History of hygiene of children and adolescents, school medicine in Russia

The article presents a historical overview of the emergence and development of hygiene of children and adolescents as an independent area of preventive medicine. It is shown how the topics and methods of scientific research have changed over more than 130 years in terms of updating in accordance with societal demands and in terms of maintaining and developing traditional approaches. It is demonstrated how outstanding childhood hygienists contributed to the formation of the theoretical foundations of preventive research on the health of children and adolescents, as well as to the development of preventive science and the training of personnel. The article shows the development of school medicine, which is considered one of the most important areas related to the protection of the health of children and adolescents in educational institutions.