Grid-forming Control of Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Wind Turbine Based on VSG

With the escalating integration of wind power into energy grids, a series of challenges have emerged, notably low rotational inertia and diminished system robustness. To address these issues, grid-forming converters, characterized by their voltage source properties, have been proposed. These converters can autonomously establish AC side voltage and synchronize with the grid without relying on a phase-locked loop (PLL). This capability makes them particularly effective in mitigating the challenges posed by increased wind power penetration rates. In this paper, we apply Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) technology to permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine systems. Through simulation analysis under various operating conditions, we compare the operational characteristics between grid-following and grid-forming control strategies. Our findings illustrate that grid-forming direct drive wind turbines can effectively provide frequency and voltage support capabilities, especially in weak grid scenarios. This underscores the potential of VSG technology to enhance the resilience and stability of modern power systems facing high levels of renewable energy integration.