ANIMAL WELFARE IN LAYING BIRDS: HISTORICAL, SCIENTIFIC AND LEGAL APPROACHES IN THE CONTEXT OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION

This article reviews the evolution of the concept of animal welfare, with an emphasis on the scientific, historical and legal changes that have shaped management practices in animal production.It highlights the importance of the "Five Freedoms", which have guided the development of guidelines to ensure adequate conditions for farm animals.The challenges faced in intensive production systems, such as confinement and overcrowding, are discussed, and management strategies aimed at mitigating negative impacts on the welfare of laying birds are presented, including nutritional management, environmental control, biosecurity and adequate lighting.The study also discusses national and international legislation that influences animal welfare and suggests recommendations for promoting more sustainable and ethical practices in laying poultry farming.