A Novel Dictionary Learning Algorithm Based on Prior Knowledge for <scp>fMRI</scp> Data Analysis

ABSTRACT Task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely utilized for brain activation detection and functional network analysis. In recent years, the K‐singular value decomposition (K‐SVD) algorithm has gained increasing attention in the research of fMRI data analysis methods. In this study, we propose a novel temporal feature region‐growing constrained K‐SVD algorithm that incorporates task‐based fMRI temporal prior knowledge and utilizes a region‐growing algorithm to infer potential activation locations. The algorithm incorporates temporal and spatial constraints to enhance the detection of brain activation. Specifically, this paper improves the three stages of the traditional K‐SVD algorithm. First, in the dictionary initialization stage, the automatic target generation process with an independent component analysis algorithm is utilized in conjunction with prior knowledge to enhance the accuracy of initialization. Second, in the sparse coding stage, the region‐growing algorithm is employed to infer potential activation locations based on temporal prior knowledge, thereby imposing spatial constraints to limit the extent of activation regions. Finally, in the dictionary learning stage, soft constraints and low correlation constraints are applied to reinforce the consistency with prior knowledge and enhance the robustness of learning for task‐related atoms. The proposed method was validated on simulated and real fMRI data, showing superior performance in detecting brain activation compared with traditional methods. The results indicate that the algorithm accurately identifies activated brain regions, providing an effective approach for studying brain function in clinical applications.