Factors Influencing Increased Anti-Microbial Resistance and Mitigation Strategies Used Among People Living with HIV Aids Visiting Rwanda Military Hospital

Antimicrobial resistance globally, regionally, and locally in Rwanda has caused hospital resistance, more-acquired infections, and increased morbidity and mortality from tuberculosis, cholera, and dysentery epidemics. Determine the prevalence of biomedical factors and mitigation strategies used against antimicrobial resistance in PLWHs, determine social cultural and beliefs influencing AMR, determine social economic and accessibility factors to comprehensive care clinic (CCC), and evaluate how KAP affects AMR and mitigation strategies in PLWHs visiting RMH. The results of this study inform the government, especially the health sector, about the main causes of anti-microbial resistance and how to mitigate them, especially in HIV/AIDS patients. Research alerts policymakers to make effective supervision of anti-microbial use to minimise drug misuse using mixed research approaches survey (quantitative) and interviews (qualitative) with descriptive study designs, purposive sampling on PLWHs, SPSS Version 27.0 data management, cross-tabulation of descriptive and inferential statistics, and pie charts. MKU School of Postgraduate Studies approved the research project, which will seek ethical clearance from MKU and RMH ethical committees to reduce AMR in Rwandan PLWHS. Antimicrobials were used by 88.2% of respondents for biomedical factors and mitigation strategies to reduce HIV/AIDS-related AMR. Social-cultural and belief factors that increase HIV/AIDS-related antimicrobial resistance Cultural beliefs or practices were reported by 62.6% of Rwanda Military Hospital visitors. Among HIV/AIDS patients visiting Rwanda Military Hospital, 73.6% cited antimicrobial cost as a factor. Lastly, KAP increased HIV/AIDS patients' antimicrobial resistance. Rwanda Military Hospital reported 62.6% unprescribed antimicrobial use. The study found that biomedical, social-cultural, socioeconomic, and knowledge-based factors increase AMR in Rwanda Military Hospital PLWHs. To optimise PLWH opportunistic infection management, the study recommended monitoring and updating treatment guidelines based on local resistance patterns. Keywords: Anti-Microbial Resistance, Mitigation Strategies, People Living with HIV Aids, Rwanda Military Hospital