Normative cardiorespiratory values in Italian first-division male soccer players: effects of age, playing position and season phase
The study aimed to provide reference values of cardiorespiratory parameters and maximal exercise velocity (MEV) of first-division soccer players measured during a ramp exercise running test. A large (N = 741) database of cardiopulmonary exercise tests collected over a decade on Serie A teams in Italy was scrutinized. The reference values were stratified for age, playing position, and season phase. We found an average <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak of 4.78 ± 0.56 l/min, a relative <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak of 61.5 ± 5.96 ml/kg/min and an MEV of 19.0 ± 1.3 km/h. Relative <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak was constant from 18 to 30 years of age and then decreased, while MEV decreased constantly with increasing age. While the absolute <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak was similar for all playing roles (P = 0.782), the midfielders were the players with the highest relative <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak (P = 0.020) and they had lower body mass than the others (P < 0.001). This study presents estimates of the influence of age, player position, and season phase on <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak in men's elite soccer. <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak values ~62 ml/kg/min fulfil the demands for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak in men's professional soccer. Midfielders showed larger relative, but not absolute, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak.
Authors
- Pierantonio Laveneziana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1002-2161)
- Paolo Onorati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7723-6407)
- Adriano Di Paco
- Gennaro Boccia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8706-4098)
- Luca Trotta
Institutions
- Inserm (FR)
- Sorbonne Université (FR)
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- Casa di Cura San Michele (IT)
- Presidio Ospedaliero (IT)
- Neurophysiologie respiratoire expérimentale et clinique
- University of Turin (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Biology of Sport
- Published
- 2024-10-28
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2025.144406
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Sports Performance and Training
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.48