Normative cardiorespiratory values in Italian first-division male soccer players: effects of age, playing position and season phase

The study aimed to provide reference values of cardiorespiratory parameters and maximal exercise velocity (MEV) of first-division soccer players measured during a ramp exercise running test. A large (N = 741) database of cardiopulmonary exercise tests collected over a decade on Serie A teams in Italy was scrutinized. The reference values were stratified for age, playing position, and season phase. We found an average <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak of 4.78 ± 0.56 l/min, a relative <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak of 61.5 ± 5.96 ml/kg/min and an MEV of 19.0 ± 1.3 km/h. Relative <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak was constant from 18 to 30 years of age and then decreased, while MEV decreased constantly with increasing age. While the absolute <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak was similar for all playing roles (P = 0.782), the midfielders were the players with the highest relative <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak (P = 0.020) and they had lower body mass than the others (P < 0.001). This study presents estimates of the influence of age, player position, and season phase on <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak in men's elite soccer. <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak values ~62 ml/kg/min fulfil the demands for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak in men's professional soccer. Midfielders showed larger relative, but not absolute, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak.

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Journal
Biology of Sport
Published
2024-10-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2025.144406
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1
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Sports Performance and Training
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article
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article

Normative cardiorespiratory values in Italian first-division male soccer players: effects of age, playing position and season phase

Pierantonio Laveneziana, Paolo Onorati, Adriano Di Paco, Gennaro Boccia et al.
1 citations
Biology of Sport
Sports Performance and Training
0.48
article

Normative cardiorespiratory values in Italian first-division male soccer players: effects of age, playing position and season phase

Pierantonio Laveneziana, Paolo Onorati, Adriano Di Paco, Gennaro Boccia, Luca Trotta
article en
1 citations

Abstract

The study aimed to provide reference values of cardiorespiratory parameters and maximal exercise velocity (MEV) of first-division soccer players measured during a ramp exercise running test. A large (N = 741) database of cardiopulmonary exercise tests collected over a decade on Serie A teams in Italy was scrutinized. The reference values were stratified for age, playing position, and season phase. We found an average <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak of 4.78 ± 0.56 l/min, a relative <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak of 61.5 ± 5.96 ml/kg/min and an MEV of 19.0 ± 1.3 km/h. Relative <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak was constant from 18 to 30 years of age and then decreased, while MEV decreased constantly with increasing age. While the absolute <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak was similar for all playing roles (P = 0.782), the midfielders were the players with the highest relative <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak (P = 0.020) and they had lower body mass than the others (P < 0.001). This study presents estimates of the influence of age, player position, and season phase on <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak in men's elite soccer. <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak values ~62 ml/kg/min fulfil the demands for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak in men's professional soccer. Midfielders showed larger relative, but not absolute, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> peak.

Biology of SportVol. 42(2)
Inserm (FR), Sorbonne Université (FR), Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR), Casa di Cura San Michele (IT), Presidio Ospedaliero (IT), Neurophysiologie respiratoire expérimentale et clinique, University of Turin (IT)
Gender equality
Openalex Percentile: Top 35%
Sports Performance and Training
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