A novel hybrid method with convergence analysis for approximation of HTLV-I dynamics model

This paper presents a novel numerical approach for approximating the solution of the model describing the infection of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:msup><mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> -cells by the human T-cell lymphotropic virus I (HTLV-I).The proposed method utilizes the operational matrix along with spectral method to convert the fractional model into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm efficiently solves these equations. The study includes theoretical convergence analysis and error bounds to establish the validity of the proposed method. Through several test problems, we demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the approach. We compare its performance and reliability to other existing methods in the literature. The results indicate that the proposed method is a reliable and efficient approach for solving the model.