Relationship between early traumatic experiences and emotional regulation skills in major depressive and bipolar disorders

Childhood trauma can cause deficits in emotional regulation. However, few studies have investigated childhood trauma and emotional regulation skills in patients with mood disorders. We aimed to investigate how childhood trauma and Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ) scores are associated with mood disorders.This study included 779 patients with mood disorders (major depressive disorder [MDD, <i>n</i> = 240], bipolar I disorder [BDI, <i>n</i> = 121], and bipolar II disorder [BDII, <i>n</i> = 418]). We used their Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ) and ERSQ scores for the evaluation.The between-group differences in CTQ and ERSQ scores were examined. The CTQ and ERSQ total scores were negatively correlated. Among the CTQ subscales, emotional neglect showed a significant correlation with the ERSQ total score, whereas acceptance and tolerance showed higher negative correlations with the CTQ than with the other ERSQ subscales. The negative relationship between emotional regulation and childhood trauma varied significantly depending on the group, with the BDI group showing a more prominent association than the other groups.Based on various mood disorders, we observed associations between childhood trauma and emotional regulation skills. Consequently, our study offers notable insights for future research on the impact of childhood trauma on ERSQ.