Seronegative Neonatal Lupus: Case Report

Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NEL) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies, primarily directed against SSA/Ro or SSB/La proteins. Clinical manifestations include cutaneous, hematologic, hepatic, and cardiac symptoms, including congenital atrioventricular block (cAVB). Although cutaneous symptoms are often reversible and treated with topical steroids, cardiac complications, such as cAVB, are considered irreversible and can be fatal. Pregnant women with specific antibodies should be screened, and fetal echocardiography is recommended for prenatal screening. Traditional treatments include corticosteroids, although hydroxychloroquine and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be effective alternatives to reduce the risk of cardiac complications in newborns.