The category of observer in the works of M.M. Bakhtin and the U. Eco`s novel «The Name of the Rose»

The article is devoted to an expeximent in analyzing the category «observer» in U. Eco's novel «The Name of the Rose». The first part of the paper analyzes methodological prerequisites for the study of the category «observer» in the works of M.M. Bakhtin, identifies the range of philosophical concepts necessary to comprehend the category. The second part presents the results of analyzing the composition of U. Eco's novel «The Name of the Rose» in the context of B. Uspensky's methodology (poetics of viewpoints). In addition, it is by interpreting the factors of artistic impression on the focal, glossal, plot and mythotectonic (V.I. Tyupa) levels of the novel that the category «observer», hidden in the tectonic core of the work, is clarified. The differences between the category «observer» in M.M. Bakhtin's understanding and U. Eco's artistic practice are noted. The conclusions to the article formulate a generalized conception of the category «observer» of U. Eco's novel «The Name of the Rose» for the first time in scientific research.