Shopaholism – aetiology, characteristics, models and concepts of cognitive-behavioural therapy

The article addresses the issue of shopaholism as a disorder, examining its existing definitions and functioning diagnostic criteria within the context of its exclusion from official disease classifications, despite its increasing prevalence and negative impact on the lives of individuals. The study highlights that, although not formally recognised as a disease entity, shopaholism is discussed in scientific literature under various terms, such as compulsive buying, impulsive buying, or shopping addiction, and can be considered a form of behavioural addiction. The article emphasises the complex aetiology of shopaholism, suggesting that it results from a combination of biological, cognitive, emotional, and social factors. The authors also demonstrate from a cognitive-behavioural perspective how core beliefs, values, and self-esteem may contribute to the development and persistence of the disorder. In addition, the article discusses therapeutic approaches including pharmacotherapy and, above all, cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy, which is emerging as a key approach in the treatment of shopaholism, with efficacy proven by numerous studies. This therapy aims at cognitive restructuring to modify negative thoughts, improve impulse control, and foster healthier coping strategies to deal with negative emotions. The article explores the complexity of shopping addiction, drawing on both historical and contemporary cognitive models to conceptualise individual cases and develop effective therapeutic plans. It also highlights proven techniques and methods. By adopting a cognitive-behavioural perspective, mental health professionals can provide patients with a targeted and personalised treatment. From the perspective of treatment, the key challenge is not abstinence but working with beliefs and values, as well as cognitive and behavioural techniques.