Mapping the Knowledge Structure of Image Recognition in Cultural Heritage: A Scientometric Analysis Using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix

The application of image recognition techniques in the realm of cultural heritage represents a significant advancement in preservation and analysis. However, existing scholarship on this topic has largely concentrated on specific methodologies and narrow categories, leaving a notable gap in broader understanding. This study aims to address this deficiency through a thorough bibliometric analysis of the Web of Science (WoS) literature from 1995 to 2024, integrating both qualitative and quantitative approaches to elucidate the macro-level evolution of the field. Our analysis reveals that the integration of artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning, has significantly enhanced digital documentation, artifact identification, and overall cultural heritage management. Looking forward, it is imperative that research endeavors expand the application of these techniques into multidisciplinary domains, including ecological monitoring and social policy. Additionally, this paper examines non-invasive identification methods for material classification and damage detection, highlighting the role of advanced modeling in optimizing the management of heritage sites. The emergence of keywords such as 'ecosystem services', 'models', and 'energy' in the recent literature underscores a shift toward sustainable practices in cultural heritage conservation. This trend reflects a growing recognition of the interconnectedness between heritage preservation and environmental sciences. The heightened awareness of environmental crises has, in turn, spurred the development of image recognition technologies tailored for cultural heritage applications. Prospective research in this field is anticipated to witness rapid advancements, particularly in real-time monitoring and community engagement, leading to the creation of more holistic tools for heritage conservation.