Trusting as an Emergent: Implications for Design

The quest for an adequate model of trust in AI systems has led to rosters of influencing factors and proposals for how trust can be “designed-in.” An alternative is to consider trusting as an emergent. While progressive maturation of user trust may be desired, it is the exception. Trust can arise rapidly, but it can diminish in a heartbeat. It can be orthogonal to reliance. Trusting and relying are context-contingent. Work-centered design principles can make trustability achievable, but it can only be realized through user experience. And principles for “designing-in” trust do not span the creativity gap.