A ELETROESTIMULAÇÃO NEUROMUSCULAR COMO FERRAMENTA PARA A PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DAPOLINEUROPATIA EM PACIENTES CRÍTICOS: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) is a common issue in critically ill patients, often resulting from prolonged immobility and mechanical ventilation. This study conducted a literature review to evaluate the efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) as a tool for the prevention and treatment of polyneuropathy in critically ill patients. Eleven studies published between 2018 and 2024 were analyzed, investigating the effects of NMES on muscle function preservation, clinical outcomes, and functional recovery in these patients. The results indicate that NMES can be effective in improving muscle strength and quality of life, although challenges exist in its implementation, such as a lack of knowledge among professionals and heterogeneity in protocols. Standardization of practices and greater training for physiotherapists are essential to maximize the benefits of NMES in ICUs. It is concluded that NMES has significant potential for the recovery of critically ill patients, but further research is needed to define the best application parameters and overcome existing barriers.