Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhino Sinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Predictive Factors of Recurrence

<b>Background:</b> Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory condition which may have a significant impact on quality of life. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is usually indicated for patients' refractory to maximal medical treatment and presents high recurrence and revision surgery rates. <b>Objective:</b> The aims of this study are to evaluate ESS outcome in CRSwNP management and to assess independent predictive factors for recurrence. <b>Methods:</b> Retrospective medical chart review of patients who underwent ESS for recalcitrant CRSwNP, from January 2002 to December 2021, with a minimum follow-up time of 12 months. <b>Results:</b> This study enrolled 280 patients; 52.5% of whom were males, with a mean age of 41.44 ± 14.25 years. Asthma was the most common comorbidity (36.4%, n = 102) and aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease was present in 16.8% (n = 47) of the study population. We found a recurrence rate of 20.7% (n = 58) and 8.9% (n = 25) of patients required revision surgery. Multivariate analysis identified as independent variables of recurrence (95% CI): no compliance with medication after surgery using topical steroids (OR = 16.056; CI 7.887-32.684; <i>P</i> < .001). <b>Conclusions:</b> ESS proved to be an effective treatment in CRSwNP but with a considerable rate of recurrence. These results indicated an important correlation of postoperative topical steroids compliance with disease recurrence.