Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is Associated with Self-Reported Cognitive Function in Adults with HIV

<b>Background:</b> People with HIV (PWH) are at risk of developing HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) despite receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in cognitive function and neuroplasticity, but its role in HIV-related neuroinflammation remains understudied. <b>Methods:</b> This study analyzed data from the CHAMPS study, assessing BDNF serum levels and cognitive function in 140 adults with HIV at baseline. Cognitive function was evaluated using the PROMIS Applied Cognition-Abilities 8-item questionnaire. BDNF levels (pg/ml) were measured using high sensitivity Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay (ELISA) kits. Linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the associations between BDNF levels, cognitive function, and AIDS diagnosis, adjusting for demographic variables. <b>Results:</b> A significant positive association was found between BDNF levels and cognitive function scores in PWH (<i>p =</i> .03). Additionally, PWH with a history of AIDS diagnosis showed significantly lower BDNF levels (<i>p =</i> .02). Other demographic factors did not significantly impact cognitive function or BDNF levels in this cohort. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our results highlight the potential of BDNF as a biomarker for cognitive decline in PWH and suggest its relevance in understanding HAND pathophysiology. Further research is warranted to explore the multifaceted interactions influencing cognitive outcomes in this population and to develop targeted interventions for improving cognitive health in PWH.