Detection of Virulence Genes Hla (α-hemolysis), CrtN (staphyloxanthin) for Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients with Otitis and Rhinitis

Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that is capable of causing several types of infections acquired in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. The presence of S. aureus in the nasal cavity is significant for both the spread and development of infection. The goal of this study is to detect some virulence genes hla and CrtN of S. aureus. Thirty samples were collected from patients with otitis, and nose and throat infection from Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital and external Labs for the period December 2021 to February 2022. Oti¬tis and Rhinitis swabs were taken from the patients and cultured on Mannitol salt agar and blood agar then gram stain and biochemical test were done. DNA was extracted from these isolates, and PCR was used to detect 16s rRNA, hla, and CrtN genes. The results showed after the phenotypic, microscopic, and biochem¬ical test, 20 isolates were referred to as S. aureus, which is approximately 66.6% of the total samples. The infection rate among youth and children was higher than that of the elderly and children in particular. Most bacterial infections of the pharynx, nose, and throat are the cause of S. aureus about 90%. DNA extract from 20 positive samples for S. aureus, the diagnosis of the samples was confirmed by 16s rRNA gene. The PCR results showed 18 samples carrying the hla gene by 90% of the total samples, while only 14 samples were carrying the CrtN gene at 80%.