Evolution and future prospects in quantifying the chemical burden in Portugal

Abstract The quantification of the burden associated with chemicals is essential for comprehending their impact on public health and implementing effective risk management strategies. This presentation underscores the significance of conducting such assessments at both national and local levels, taking into account the exposures and vulnerabilities of those populations. Our objective is to provide an overview of past burden quantification exercises in the Portuguese context while identifying ongoing and future initiatives. Drawing from past experiences, we have initially characterized the burden of the Portuguese population’s exposure to mycotoxins through food consumption, particularly aflatoxins, and the consequent health burden. This laid the groundwork for discussing the potential consequences of climate change in this context and the associated burden. Subsequently, various exercises have been undertaken, incorporating diverse data sources, including human biomonitoring. Currently, several exercises are ongoing or planned, addressing different chemicals and contexts. These include arsenic and its association with various types of cancer, mercury and lead linked to cognitive impairment, and air pollution (e.g., PM2.5 and NO2) and its impact on health (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, asthma). Given the evolving challenges posed by climate change and emerging contaminants, understanding the burden of chemicals assumes increased importance, reinforcing the role of these assessments in safeguarding public health, guiding policy decisions, and highlighting the necessity of prioritizing research and surveillance efforts to protect human health and mitigate the adverse effects of chemical exposures.