Asking to thrive: structures supporting young men’s behavioural health in Belfast, Northern Ireland

Abstract Background Men in Northern Ireland are three times more likely to die by suicide and psychiatric morbidity is significantly higher than for the United Kingdom overall, in part due to the Troubles, a 30-year conflict during which there were 34,000 shootings, 14,000 bombings, and 3,500 deaths. Prior studies suggest strong friendships and high collective efficacy in communities are protective against suicide and self-harm in adolescents and that inquiring about supportive people and structures directly-rather than through parental intermediaries-yields more accurate responses. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 adolescent males aged 16-19 from working-class communities across Belfast. Participants were recruited via trusted community partners and often had experiences with sectarianism and restorative justice. A deductive thematic analysis was conducted of interview transcripts, supplemented by responses to the Self-Harm Inventory and a modified Collective Efficacy Scale. Analyses were completed in NVivo and RStudio. Results In addition to male peer friendships in which they could share confidences, participants strongly endorsed the value of youth work organisations as keystones in supporting not only their own behavioural health through positive modelling but also the reduction of antisocial and sectarian behaviours in their communities. Participants named specific aspects of these structures they found most useful, including demonstrating “masculine success” though community engagement and family life, providing a safe venue for socialising, and delivering restorative justice programming. Conclusions Findings from this study suggest that youth work programming is an important component of both adolescent behavioural health promotion and community safety through the reduction of sectarian and other antisocial behaviours. Participants expressed dismay at the reduction of these services and endorsed both their personal and wider community importance. Key messages • Youth workers may provide valuable positive modelling and behavioural health support to the young men. • Youth work programmes may function both for behavioural health promotion and community violence reduction in Belfast, Northern Ireland.