Cross-sectional study of bystander roles in school bullying incidents in the United Arab Emirates

Abstract Background School bullying is a widespread public health issue with far-reaching consequences on the psychological well-being and academic performance of students. This study focuses on the perspective of bystanders to better understand their role in the dynamics of bullying in school environments in the United Arab Emirates. Methods We employed a multi-stage random sampling approach to collect data from students in grades 6 to 9 at the sample of public and private schools in Al Ain, using a validated self-report questionnaire. IBM SPSS software version 28.0 was used for the analysis using appropriate statistical tests. Results Out of 728 surveyed students, 290 (40%) were from private and 438 (60%) from public schools. A total of 425 (58%) of students were bystanders observing bullying incidents across all schools, with 65% of males versus 45% of females witnessing such events. Physical bullying was the most frequent type of bullying observed by 67% of students. The classroom was most often location, 75% in private schools and 61% in public schools. Verbal abuses such as making fun and name-calling were commonly reported. Bullying targeting physical appearance was particularly noted, with 31% of bystanders stating that bullying was due to perceptions of a student’s face being ‘funny’ and 21% due to beliefs about weight. 59% felt sad, and 29% didn’t go to school as a result of the bullying. Reporting to teachers was limited (25%). Conclusions The high prevalence of bystanders in school bullying incidents in Al Ain was observed, especially among male students. The results emphasize the critical need for comprehensive anti-bullying programs that include bystander intervention strategies to promote a supportive and inclusive educational environment. Key messages • Many of students are witnessing bullying, highlighting the need for effective intervention programs. • Empowering bystanders is crucial in preventing bullying and enhancing the safety at schools.