Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate Students Learning Needs using XR Technology

Abstract Background Extended Reality (XR) technology intends to combine or mirror the physical world, including innovative tools that can be applied in education increasing students’ engagement, improving comprehension, and leading to better outcomes. Under the umbrella of the PedXR project about an Extended Reality Learning Framework for Pediatric Nursing students in Higher Education (Erasmus +- 2023-1-EL01-KA220-HED-000161808), a survey was conducted aiming to validate a questionnaire to evaluate Students’ Learning Needs using XR technology (SLN-PedXR). Methods The questionnaire was developed by item generation through a literature review. The SLN-PedXR was validated in terms of content validity through PedXR Consortium (EL, CY, BE, BG) reviews. The psychometric properties of the final instrument were assessed in a sample of 106 nursing students of the Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens, Greece. Results The findings demonstrate high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .877). Principal component analysis was conducted to reduce dimensions and establish construct validity and internal consistency of the developed questionnaire. Following pilot-testing and consortium review, the final validated questionnaire consists of 45 items divided into 3 subcategories (current learning needs satisfaction, preferable learning modules, XR development). Conclusions The SLN-PedXR is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating students’ learning needs using XR technology. Key messages • In the rapidly evolving landscape of technological advancements, educational institutions must integrate innovative learning tools into their curricula. • The discernment of students’ learning needs and the formulation of tailored modules stand as pivotal determinants to optimize educational outcomes particularly within the domain of nursing education.