Sleep Disorders in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Patients typically exhibit cognitive impairment, memory loss, diminished social and occupational functioning, as well as language and motor disorders. Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau in the brain. These pathological changes not only disrupt neuronal function and lead to cognitive deficits, but also interfere with sleep regulation, resulting in sleep disorders. Such disturbances can diminish nighttime sleep quality and contribute to daytime functional impairments, further exacerbating cognitive decline. Therefore, exploring the interplay between cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and sleep disorders is crucial for enhancing the quality of life of Alzheimer’s patients. This review summarizes current literature on the interconnections among Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive impairment, and sleep disorders. Sleep disturbances are prevalent in Alzheimer’s patients and can also occur in those with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, which often precedes Alzheimer’s onset. Such sleep disorders may promote and accelerate the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau proteins [1-3]. Furthermore, Alzheimer’s patients may be more vulnerable to sleep disturbances, creating a potential vicious cycle. Further investigation into these relationships may provide valuable insights for the treatment or prevention of Alzheimer’s disease.