Exploring the mental health impact of asylum-seeking of sexual minority men: a qualitative study

Abstract Background Sexual minority individuals, often called LGBTQ+, encounter significant danger and violence in some countries worldwide. This forces many to seek asylum in a range of European countries. The study aimed to explore the experiences of seeking asylum and its implications for the mental health of sexual minority forced migrant men in Sweden. Methods An exploratory qualitative approach was used, and 15 adult gay and bisexual cisgender men were interviewed individually. Participants were recruited through a combination of purposeful, convenience, and snowball sampling. Systematic text condensation was used to analyze data. The analysis was conducted in close collaboration with three migrants with lived experience. Results The asylum-seeking process proved emotionally challenging, involving procedures with negative impacts on mental health. Challenges included disclosing intimate information during asylum interviews and enduring long periods of uncertainty with limited information on asylum case progress. Fundamental to participants’ experiences were the behaviors and attitudes of the professionals involved in legal procedures. Disrespectful and homophobic conduct during asylum interviews, enacted by interpreters and caseworkers, had been experienced by participants. The accuracy of interpretation emerged as crucial, possibly influencing the outcome of asylum claims as well as participants’ comfort in sharing information. Conclusions Sexual minority men seeking asylum in Sweden find themselves in an unfamiliar and emotionally challenging position. The challenges highlighted in this study implicates that the stressful asylum process may lead to health burdens among this population. The study emphasizes the critical role of a safe, affirming and supportive environment for asylum seekers. Further research is needed to develop effective support methods to ensure the health and well-being of sexual minority forced migrant populations during the asylum process. Key messages • The stressful asylum process may lead to health burdens among forced migrant sexual minority men. • There is a need for public health action to develop effective support methods addressing the mental health challenges faced by sexual minority forced migrants during their asylum process.