Kłamstwo procesowe i zaprzeczenie jako forma nadużycia prawa w procesie cywilnym

Both, false statement and denial of facts can be a form of defense in civil proce-edings, but also source of claims. evidentiary agreement False statement is both violation of good practice and an abuse of procedural law. Court is allowed to apply measures referred in Article 2262 § 2 k.p.c. and 103 § 1-2 k.p.c. on participant who brings forth false statements during civil proceed-ings. However, in order to apply measures referred in Article 2262 § 2 k.p.c., it is necessary to prior instruct this participant about that possibility. General rejection of facts is not an abuse of procedural law because it is a vio-lation of law (Article 127 k.p.c. and 210 § 2 k.p.c.). That is the reason why it does not cause any effect during civil proceedings. However, it is not always possible to apply Article 230 k.p.c. in that situation. Denying facts in last phase of civil proceedings is a form of violation of good practice, but it will take effect if opposite party did not present evidence in the complaint or in the statement of defense and proceedings in commercial cases apply (Article 4855 § 1 k.p.c.). It is allowed to penalize that party with measures referred in Article 2262 § 2 k.p.c. In other cases court may consider this procedural. action as ineffective, however the rule should be to apply Article 2262 § 2 k.p.c. and 103 § 1-2 k.p.c. Denial of fact that can be proven only by an evidence which is prohibited by ev-identiary agreement may also be a form of abuse of procedural law.