Muma-Pădurii: the mythological dimension and its role in the traditional collective mind

In this article, the author explores the mythological and folkloric dimension of the deity Muma-Pădurii, one of the most complex and contradictory archetypal figures in traditional collective mentality. Muma-Pădurii symbolizes both primordial fears related to nature and the duality between good and evil. Although predominantly described in popular beliefs and superstitions as a malevolent and terrifying character capable of causing harm and destruction, she also exhibits a compassionate and protective side, often being pacified by the kindness of fairy tale heroes. With pre-Christian roots and considered a maternal deity governing the wild nature, Muma-Pădurii is part of an extensive pantheon of spirits and deities associated with the elements and the forest, alongside other mythological entities such as Fata-Pădurii and Moșul Codrului. Although initially a protector of the forest and its inhabitants, during the Christian period, she acquired a malevolent character, becoming an entity associated with evil spirits. In traditional collective mentality, Muma-Pădurii is described as a monstrous and terrifying being, who punishes those who break the rules of the forest, becoming a symbol of the wild and obscure forces of nature. In some folkloric creations, she serves as a comparison for people with an ugly appearance and a petty soul.