Research Progress on Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock Undergoing Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by peripheral hypoperfusion and organ dysfunction caused by primary heart disease. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a temporary mechanical circulatory support device for CS, used in cases of profound shock, biventricular failure, respiratory failure, and cardiac arrest that require urgent maximal support. While VA-ECMO provides effective tissue perfusion and ensures oxygen supply to organs, it is also associated with severe complications, among which acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common and serious. To date, no comprehensive review has been conducted on the pathophysiology, influencing factors, and treatment of AKI associated with VA-ECMO. This paper aims to elaborate on the pathophysiological mechanisms, influencing factors, and treatment options for AKI in patients with CS undergoing VA-ECMO, providing clinical and nursing references.