The Determinants of Presenteeism in Selected European Countries - Modelling from Geographical and Gender Perspectives

In this paper we analyze motives (person-, work-, and organizational-related) of presenteeism among employees in selected European countries. We applied questions on presenteeism from European Working Conditions Surveys (EWCS) for 2010-2021. Based on the preliminary outcomes we observe that presenteeism is gender and geographical-dependent. Therefore, we use geographically weighted regression (GWR) to model determinants of phenomena. We find that men are more motivated by economic issues (the level of earnings, type of work contract, household financial situation, gander pay gap) but women are guided by so-called emotional factors (having children at home or work requiring direct contact with customers). The type of employment contract and fact of having children at home also has an impact on presenteeism. The results of the GWR show that, regardless of gender, there are countries for which the influence of multiple factors was recorded simultaneously, e.g. Spain, Malta, Portugal. However, there are countries for which no influence of factors on presenteeism was identified, e.g. Germany, Slovakia, Sweden, Hungary, Luxemburg or Finland and therefore, the motives of presenteeism should be analysed separately. Finally, the country policy insurance arrangements contribute to the presenteeism.