Effect of the longitudinal change in anemia status on clinical outcomes for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: analysis from the Hokuriku-Plus AF registry

Abstract Background Anemia is a common comorbidity in older patients with heart failure (HF)1 and atrial fibrillation (AF)2, associated with an increased risk of adverse events. This study evaluated the prognostic effects of longitudinal changes in anemia status on clinical outcomes in patients with AF, as limited data are available on this aspect. Methods and Results We prospectively evaluated data of 1,388 patients with AF obtained from the Hokuriku-Plus AF registry (1,010 men, 72.3±9.7 years) and recorded the incidence of cardiovascular death (CVD), HF, thromboembolism, and major bleeding. Finally, 1,233 patients with AF with baseline and first year of follow up hemoglobin levels were evaluated. Patients were categorized into 3 groups based on the longitudinal changes in 1-year anemia status: AF without anemia (group 1), AF with improved anemia (group 2), and AF with sustained or new-onset anemia (group 3). During 1–5-year follow up, the incidences of CVD, HF, thromboembolism, and major bleeding were significantly higher in patients with AF and anemia than in those without (Figure1). Additionally, the incidence of CVD or HF was significantly higher in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2 (Figure 2). Multivariate analysis revealed no anemia or improvement from anemia in 1 year as an independent predictor for reducing CVD and HF. Conclusions Recovery from anemia may be associated with a favorable clinical course in AF.