Heatwaves, Hospitals, and Health System Resilience in England: A Qualitative Assessment (Summer 2019)

Abstract Background Frequent heatwaves challenge healthcare delivery in England, affecting patient safety and staff welfare. This study addresses the observational gap in how healthcare settings adapt to extreme weather. Methods We utilised a qualitative approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with fourteen NHS staff across England to explore experiences during the 2019 summer heatwave. Participants included clinical and non-clinical personnel, providing broad insights into operational challenges and adaptive strategies. Results The 2019 heatwave significantly disrupted service delivery, with variable staff awareness of the Heatwave Plan for England affecting responses. Key issues included managing infection control versus electric fan usage, impacting patient and staff comfort and safety. These conditions also led to an increase in hospital admissions. Conclusions The findings highlight the need for improved workforce training and strategic planning to enhance resilience to heat-related risks. Further research is essential to develop a comprehensive evidence base on the impacts and costs of heatwaves and to assess the effectiveness of adaptation strategies. This will support national health adaptation planning and emergency response. Key messages • Enhanced planning and training are crucial for health system resilience to heatwaves. • More research is needed to understand heatwave impacts and effective responses.