Food insecurity and fruit and vegetable consumption in Belgium

Abstract Background Food insecurity is a substantial and growing concern in many high-income countries. Yet, representative data on the extent of the issue in the general Belgian population is lacking. This study aims to assess the extent of food insecurity in Belgium, identify those at risk of food insecurity, and explore the relationship between food insecurity and fruit and vegetable consumption. Methods We used data from the Belgian National Food Consumption Survey 2022-2023, a representative sample of the Belgian population aged 3 years and older (n = 2,800). Food insecurity was assessed using the 3 screening questions derived from the USDA Household Food Security Survey Module. Frequencies of fruit and vegetable consumption were obtained from a food propensity questionnaire. Prevalence of food insecurity was estimated using post-stratification weights. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption and food insecurity, adjusting for gender, household composition, educational attainment, and income. Results Preliminary results indicate that 12.6% of population experienced some form of food insecurity. Those who experienced food insecurity consumed fruit and vegetables less frequently than others, after adjustment for other socio-economic variables (ORs>4.00, p-values>0.05). Conclusions This study confirms that food insecurity is a substantial concern in Belgium. Food insecurity should be routinely monitored at the national level. Experiencing food insecurity appears to be negatively associated with the consumption of healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables and thus with the overall quality of the diet. Further research should be supported to identify effective strategies to reduce food insecurity in Belgium. Policy attention should be given to ensure financial accessibility to healthy foods and their attractiveness, especially for people experiencing food insecurity. Key messages • Food insecurity is an major concern in Belgium and should be routinely monitored. • Financial accessibility to healthy foods should be improved, especially for those facing food insecurity.