Poultry farms as a One health priority for Aspergillus section Fumigati surveillance

Abstract In poultry production environments, particulate matter (PM) is considered one of the harmful air pollutants [2]. Considering potential biological pathogens, the genus Aspergillus in particular, Aspergillus fumigatus, is a widely recognized human and animal pathogen [3]. Hot-humid farm environments could contribute to the proliferation of these fungi [4]. Therefore, poultry production workers, besides animals [4], may be at a higher risk of inhaling fungi spores [4,5]. This study aimed to determine particulate matter (PM) contamination and analyze the prevalence of Aspergillus section Fumigati in air samples from poultry pavilions. Indoor and outdoor air samples were taken in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks of birds growth cycle (n = 58). Air was collected through the impaction method (MAS-100) onto polycarbonate filters, set at 100 L/min, for 5 min. Followed by DNA extraction, and real-time PCR detection of Aspergillus section Fumigati. For PM evaluation, portable direct-reading equipment (Lighthouse, model 3016 IAQ) was used. Particle concentrations were measured (n = 67) at five distinct fractions during 5 min. Considering particles fractions, PM10 and PM5 where prevalent in 1st (58% PM10; 28% PM5), 2nd (63% PM10; 26% PM5) and 3rd (64% PM10; 25% PM5) weeks. These results evidence that coarse particles (between 2.5 and 10 µm) are the most relevant PM present in this setting. Regarding fungal detection, Aspergillus section Fumigati was widespread inside poultry pavilions (62%, 26 out of 42), highlighting this environment has a potential reservoir of microbial pathogens [7]. Furthermore, PM can act as a host of biological fragments [6]. Overall, in addition to molecular analysis, future studies should consider using culture-based methods to assess the viability of pathogenic microorganisms and their infection potential [3]. From a One Health perspective, quantitative and qualitative research is required to fully understand this environment. Key messages • This study evidence that coarse particles (between 2.5 and 10 µm) are the most relevant PM present and Aspergillus section Fumigati is widespread in poultry pavilions. • A One health intervention should be considered in future studies.