Prevalence of AKI in Patients Treated with Cisplatin

Background: Cisplatin is a potent chemotherapy used in a wide spectrum of malignant tumors, however it has been associated to nephrotoxicity manifested by acute kidney injury and electrolyte disorders. The main objective of this study is to describe the frequency and the outcomes in patients with nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin. Methods: Retrospective cohort of 30 patients treated with cisplatin in a single Mexican third level healthcare center, data were collected from electronic clinical records. Descriptive analysis was performed with central tendency characteristics. Univariate logistic regression (odds ratios [OR], 95% CI) was used to evaluate renal outcomes and mortality Results: Of the 30 participants, 21 (70%) were men, the more frequent comorbidity was arterial hypertension, 7 patients (23.3%) and only one patient had the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. The median of glomerular filtration rate was 67 (55-77), 15 (50%) had acute kidney injury and 8 (26.7%) progressed to acute kidney disease, the mortality in the follow up was 10%. The more frequent electrolyte disorder was hypomagnesemia recorded in 16 (53.3%) of the participants, 14 (46.7%) was moderate (0.9-1.6 mg/dl), no severe hypomagnesemia (<0.9 mg/dl) was identified. Acute kidney injury was not associated to mortality but patients who had progression to acute kidney disease had a significant risk of mortality with a OR= 1.42, 95% CI, (1.11-1.81). Conclusion: Nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin is mainly manifested by acute kidney injury and hypomagnesemia, identified in 50% and 53.3% respectively. Patients with no recovery and progression to acute kidney disease had a significant risk to mortality, the limitation to aggressors of kidney function after nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin could influence in the patient’s prognostic.