The Influence of Fluoride Ions on the Forms of Lanthanide Migration in Natural and Polluted Waters of the Lovozero Massif (The Kola Peninsula)

A comprehensive study (monitoring, thermodynamic modeling) of natural and anthropogenically polluted waters of the Lovozero Massif has been carried out. A thermodynamic study of the weathering of the Lovozero Massif within the “water-rock-atmosphere” system at a temperature of 5 °C showed that the elements contained in the rocks of the studied massif influence the formation of the chemical composition of natural waters. It has been established that an increase in the degree of “water-rock” interaction leads to an increase in the concentrations of F−, Cl−, SO42−, and HCO3− in the solution. This affects the mobility of lanthanum, cerium, and other elements due to the formation of complex compounds with them. The relatively high content of fluorine, phosphorus, and HCO3− (weak and medium acids) in the solution promotes the dissolution of silicates while Si, Al, and P are released into the solution. Monitoring of water from a flooded mine in which there is an increase in the degree of interaction of water with rock showed higher pH values for the concentrations of Na, HCO3−, F−, P, Al, Si, V, U, La, and Ce. The conclusions are relevant in the context of the use of groundwater for drinking water supply purposes. The obtained information is useful to evaluate the health of the population of the region under study.