The relationship between daily blood glucose fluctuation and readmission in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Abstract Background Although the comprehensive diagnos and treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS) has been greatly improved,the morbidity and mortality are still high. Previous literature has reported that about 70-75% of patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome have abnormal blood glucose metabolism1,and there existed gender differences. At present, most research results showed that elevated blood glucose is related to the prognosis of ACS. However, further intervention studies indicated that simply strengthen the reducement of blood glucose did not improve prognosis of these patients2. Glucose fluctuations, another dimension of blood glucose, reflect acute changes in blood glucose. However, there are few studies on the effect of blood glucose fluctuation on the prognosis of patients with ACS. Purpose This study aimed to explore the relationship between seven daily fluctuations of blood glucose and readmission in ACS patients. Methods In this study, a total of 664 patients admitted to our University from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 were included and their blood glucose was monitored seven times a day during their hospitalization. The coefficient of variation of blood glucose (CV) was calculated from the results of seven daily blood glucose monitoring to represent the daily fluctuation of blood glucose. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine whether CV was an independent risk factor for re-hospitalization. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of CV for outcome events. Finally, we performed a subgroup analysis based on gender and diabetes status to assess the association between CV and readmission in each subgroup. Results After a median follow-up of 21 months, the rate of readmission was 38.4%. Unstable angina pectoris (71.4%) and heart failure (16.4%) were the most common reasons for readmission. Patients with greater CV levels typically exhibited lower fasting blood glucose, higher post breakfast blood glucose, and higher admission blood glucose.The readmission rate increased with the increasing blood glucose variability after the cox regression analysis. Moreover, independent of glycated hemoglobin,CV could predict the risk of readmission in patients with ACS.When using 26.66% as the cutoff point of CV, the study population was divided into two groups and showed a significant differentiation for rehospitalization.In subgroup analysis, there was no significant association between seven daily blood glucose fluctuations and readmission in female and non-diabetes mellitus patients with acute coronary syndrome. Conclusions Besides some normal blood glucose index,seven daily fluctuations of blood glucose was associated with readmission in ACS patients. ACS patients who were male and combined with diabetes were more likely to be readmitted if their CV levels were greater.