Dynamic Forces in Xu Beihong’s “Ba Ren Ji Shui”: Analyzing the Aesthetics of Shi in Republic of China Literati Painting

This study explores the artistic qualities of shi (internal energy) within Xu Beihong’s depiction of the working class, guided by the principles of traditional Chinese aesthetics. Focusing on the painting Ba Ren Ji Shui (Sichuan Folks Drawing Water from the River), the analysis examines how shi—alongside elements of nature, qi (vital energy), and emotion—interacts within the structural and thematic composition of the artwork. Xu Beihong’s application of shi not only reveals deep emotional resonance but also integrates qi into the broader Chinese aesthetic tradition, creating a harmonious and dynamic expression of life. His paintings embody the unity of nature and humanity, capturing both the physical and spiritual essence of the Chinese people’s perseverance and resistance during times of hardship. By synthesizing traditional aesthetics with modern realism, Xu Beihong’s work transcends mere visual representation, reflecting the inner vitality and indomitable spirit of the Chinese people in the face of adversity.