"TRATAMENTO DA CETOACIDOSE DIABÉTICA NA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA"

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes caused by a lack of insulin, leading to hyperglycemia and acidosis. Factors such as infections and poor insulin administration can trigger it, and its urgent treatment in the ICU involves fluid replacement, intravenous insulin, and control of complications. Methodology: This article is a literature review on the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in the ICU, based on studies from the last 10 years available in English and Portuguese in the PubMed, SciELO, and BVS databases. Complete and free articles were included, excluding those that did not directly address the topic. Results and Discussion: The treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in the ICU follows protocols to quickly correct metabolic and hemodynamic alterations. Initial replacement of isotonic fluids treats severe dehydration and improves tissue perfusion. Low-dose intravenous insulin corrects ketosis and hyperglycemia, but should be adjusted accordingly, with potassium levels also need to be monitored and replaced. Continuous monitoring of blood glucose and electrolytes is crucial to avoid complications such as cerebral edema. Identifying and treating the underlying cause of DKA, such as infections, is essential to prevent recurrences. Conclusion: The treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in the ICU is mainly based on rapid fluid replacement, controlled insulin administration, and continuous monitoring. Potassium management and identification of the cause are essential to prevent recurrences and improve prognosis, with the ICU being the ideal setting for intensive care and reducing mortality.