Clinical and immunological characteristics of COVID-19 in patients with disease dynamics

Aim – to study the clinical and immunological indicators of COVID-19 convalescents 1 and 3 months after the disease in dynamics with the determination of predictors of the development of changes in the lungs. Material and methods. The object of the study was 35 patients aged 22 to 75 years in the dynamics of COVID-19 disease, divided into two groups according to the identified clinical and immunological disorders. Markers of cellular (CD-3, CD-4, CD-8, CD-19) and humoral immunity, cytokines (IL-6,8, TGF-β, TNF-α), CEC were determined in all examined patients. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 software suite. Results. It was found that all the subjects retained clinical and immunological changes during the entire follow-up period, which indicates an ongoing disease. At the same time, significant differences in the severity of changes in individuals were revealed, taking into account age and the presence of chronic somatic pathology, expressed primarily in violation of the parameters of the T-system of immunity. In patients with the development of post-Covid changes in the lungs, characteristic immunological features were revealed, taking into account age. Conclusions. A violation of the identified indicators of the immune system may indicate the persistence of the virus, which means a prolongation of a specific inflammatory response with the risk of extensive tissue damage. The tendency towards the formation of humoral immunity persists in both groups within three months after recovery. Humoral immunity was formed by the end of 1 month after the disease in both groups and continued to persist throughout the entire follow-up period. In the risk group for the development of pneumofibrosis in the outcome of a new coronavirus infection, the combination of IL-8 and TGF-β is the most optimal, despite their significant decrease in dynamics compared with the acute period.