Indications, outcomes, and complications of orthopaedic implant removal: a prospective observational study

Background: Orthopaedic implant removal is a common procedure, but its indications and outcomes remain debated. This study aimed to examine the indications, outcomes, and complications of implant removal in a tertiary care center. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 66 patients undergoing implant removal between February 2022 and February 2024. Patient demographics, indications for removal, time to removal, and complications were recorded. Follow-ups were conducted at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-removal. Results: The study included 47 males and 19 females, with 74% adults and 26% paediatric patients. Pain was the most common indication for removal (42%), followed by elective removal (36%). Most implants (33%) were removed after 2 years. Complications were minimal, with 4.5% incomplete removals and 1.5% failure to remove. No intraoperative fractures or postoperative infections were observed. Patients generally reported improvement in symptoms or psychological well-being following implant removal. Conclusion: Implant removal should be approached selectively, with careful consideration of indications and potential complications. Pain relief and improved function were common outcomes, but risks such as incomplete removal should be considered. The study supports individualized decision-making in implant management, emphasizing the need for thorough preoperative planning and skilled surgical execution.