Unusual conditions for the formation of linear discontinuous deformations triggered by underground mining

Abstract The occurrence of linear discontinuous deformations, primarily manifesting as ground steps, is becoming increasingly prevalent in mining and post-mining areas. These deformations present a significant hazard to structures, as there are no effective protective measures currently available. An important aspect of these deformations is that they can occur several decades after mining operations have ceased, making it crucial to understand their causes and conditions of formation. This paper presents a detailed case study of ground step formation that resulted in substantial damage to storage halls. Through comprehensive analyses of geological and mining conditions, combined with rigorous calculations, the study identifies the most likely factors that triggered the deformation. Notably, these factors differ from those commonly cited in the existing literature, providing a novel contribution to the research on this issue. The findings underscore the necessity for continuous monitoring and reevaluation of post-mining areas to mitigate potential risks and develop more effective protective strategies.