Therapeutic Potential of Olax subscorpioidea Root Extracts in Managing Inflammatory Conditions: A Preclinical Study

Olax subscorpioidea, a plant species endemic to tropical Africa, has long been utilized in traditional medicine for its purported anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. This preclinical study evaluates the therapeutic potential of Olax subscorpioidea root extracts in managing inflammatory conditions, specifically in a Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-collagen type II induced arthritis model in albino rats. Both aqueous and ethanol extracts were prepared and assessed for their effects on inflammatory parameters, including cytokine levels, paw edema, joint swelling, and histopathological changes. The study found that both extracts significantly reduced inflammation and clinical signs of arthritis, with the ethanol extract demonstrating a broader range of bioactive compounds and potentially greater efficacy. Mechanistic insights suggest that the extracts exert their effects through inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes, modulation of cytokine production, and enhancement of antioxidant activity. Safety and toxicity assessments confirmed the non-toxic nature of the extracts at tested doses. These findings validate the traditional use of Olax subscorpioidea for inflammatory conditions and support its potential integration into modern therapeutic regimens. Future research should focus on dosage optimization, long-term effects, and clinical trials to further establish the efficacy and safety of Olax subscorpioidea root extracts in human subjects. Keywords: Olax subscorpioidea, Root Extracts, Inflammatory Conditions, Preclinical Study.