ANTONYMIC NESTS IN TOPONYMIC SYSTEM OF MODERN RUSSIAN

In the approach to solving the problem of antonymy, two aspects of its study have been outlined. Antonymy can only be considered within the framework of linguistic phenomena, and in this case, the origins of antonymy lie in the features of the functioning of linguistic units in the process of communication, that is, in speech activity. On the other hand, antonymy can be considered in the aspect of the logical-semantic correlation of concepts denoted by linguistic units. A special place in the Russian language is occupied by antonyms -words that are opposite in meaning. Antonymy reflects an essential aspect of systemic relations in Russian vocabulary. Modern linguistics considers synonymy and antonymy as extreme and borderline cases of content interchangeability and opposition of words. While synonymous relations are characterized by semantic similarity, antonymic relations are characterized by semantic difference. The existenceof antonyms in language lies in the nature of our perception of reality in all its contradictory complexity, in the unity and struggle of opposites. Therefore, contrasting words, as well as the concepts they denote, are not only opposites, but also closely related.