A biomechanical investigation comparing a novel bone cement bridging screw system with conventional treatment methods for Kummell’s disease

Based on the characteristics of Kummell's disease (KD) and related anatomical structures of the thoracolumbar spine, a novel bone cement screw system has been designed to effectively avoid the cement loosening and displacement. This experiment aimed to assess the biological effects of the novel bone cement screw system in KD on fresh cadaveric thoracolumbar spine specimens, thereby discussing its potential application value and providing a foundation for clinical implementation. This study employed a total of 50 fresh female adult cadaver specimens. Each specimen underwent extraction of the T12 to L2 segment followed by the creation of an artificial KD model at the L1 segment and subsequent establishment of five distinct types of bone cement repair models. Model A represents the percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) model, Model B combines PVP with unilateral percutaneous pediculoplasty (PPP), Model C combines PVP with bilateral PPP, Model D introduces the novel bone cement screw combined with unilateral PVP, and Model E combines the novel screw with bilateral PVP, each group consists of 10 specimens. Subsequently, the six-axis spine robot was employed to execute cement three-dimensional biomechanical strength tests in six directions, including anterior flexion and posterior extension, left and right lateral bending, as well as left and right rotation. The novel bone cement screw, whether used unilaterally or bilaterally in combination with the PVP model, exhibits significantly reduced bone cement mobility and superior biomechanical stability during anterior flexion, posterior extension, left lateral bending, and right lateral bending (P<0.05).No significant differences were observed among the five models under both left and right rotation (P > 0.05).When comparing the novel bone cement screw combined with PVP unilaterally and bilaterally, no statistically significant difference was observed in the stability of bone cement across all six directions of motion (P>0.05). To conclude, this novel bone cement bridging screw system exhibits superior biomechanical stability compared to commonly used treatments. Furthermore, both unilateral and bilateral implementations of the novel bone cement screw system yield without significant differences observed. These findings present a reliable and innovative approach for clinical management of KD.